Ihagarikwa ryiza rya Bolt

(1) Guhagarika Bolt:Bolt unyuze mu ntege nke, zidafunguye, zidahungabana nubutaka bwubutaka, inanga mumuhengeri nkurutare ruhamye nubutaka bwubutaka, bitanga impagarara zihagije, gutsinda uburemere bwurutare rwumubiri nubutaka hamwe nimbaraga zinyerera, birinda urukuta rwubuvumo, gusenyuka.

(2) Ingaruka zo kongera imbaraga:nyuma ya bolt ishimangiwe, agace ka compression kakozwe murwego runaka ruzengurutse.Bolt itunganijwe muburyo bukwiye kugirango zone zo guhunika zakozwe na bolts zegeranye zuzuzanya kugirango zikore zone zo guhunika.Inzego zidafunguye muri compression zishimangirwa na bolt kugirango zongere ubunyangamugayo nubushobozi bwo gutwara.

(3) Gukomatanya ibiti (arch) ingaruka:nyuma ya bolt yinjijwe muri stratum mubwimbitse runaka, ibice munsi yigikorwa cyingufu za ankoring zirahuzagurika, guhangana hagati yimivurungano biriyongera, kandi guhangayika kwimbere no gutandukana bigabanuka cyane, ibyo bikaba bihwanye no guhindura urumuri rworoshye. (arch) mubice byinshi (arch).Kwiyoroshya no gukomera kwingirangingo (arche) zitezimbere cyane, bityo bikazamura ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibyiciro.Ninini imbaraga za ankoring zitangwa na bolt, niko bigaragara ingaruka.

(4) uburebure bwa bolt:uburebure bwuzuye busabwa mugihe bolt ishobora gukina neza uruhare rwayo ukurikije igishushanyo.Iyo ubaze ukurikije ibikorwa byo guhagarika, ni igiteranyo cyuburebure bwa anchorage, uburebure bwimbaraga nuburebure bwerekanwe.Iyo ubaze ukurikije imikorere ihuriweho (arch), ikubye inshuro 1,2 igiteranyo cyibiti byahujwe (arch) n'uburebure bwerekanwe.Mu gaciro nyako, uburebure bwiyongereye bitewe nubucukuzi butaringaniye nabwo bugomba gusuzumwa.

(5) Uburebure bwa Anchorage:uburebure bwa ankor bolt murwego ruhamye birashobora gutoranywa ukurikije uburambe cyangwa kubara.Ukurikije uburambe bwo guhitamo, tekereza kuri anchorage na diameter ya bolt.Mugihe uhitamo ukurikije kubara, isano iri hagati ya minisiteri na bolt hamwe nubusabane hagati ya minisiteri nu mwobo.

(6) Uburebure bwo gushimangira:ukurikije uburebure bwurutare ruzengurutse rwahagaritswe ku cyerekezo cya bolt, cyangwa uburebure bwumutwaro uringaniye, birashobora kandi gukoreshwa kugirango hamenyekane ubunini bwuruziga rudasanzwe rwapimwe na acoustic wave hamwe nubundi buryo bwo gupima.

(7) Bolt gukurura ikizamini:bumwe muburyo bwo kugenzura ubwubatsi bwa bolt no kumenya imbaraga zo gukurura.Mbere yuko bolt itwikirwa na shitingi, igipimo cya bolt ya tense cyangwa torsional torque ikoreshwa mugupima muburyo butaziguye.Nyuma yo gufatira kuri bolt, kanda buhoro buhoro kandi buringaniye kugeza igihe igitutu cyo gupima kigera ku gaciro gahuye nigishushanyo mbonera, cyangwa gutuma bolt irekura, muri rusange ntukore ikizamini cyangiza.Nyuma ya bolt itwikiriwe na firime, bigaragazwa na deteri ya bolt hanyuma igapimwa no gutegura.Umubare wibizamini bigomba gukopororwa nkuko biri kuri metero 30-50 z'uburebure bwa tunnel cyangwa 300 mumatsinda, kandi buri tsinda ntirigomba kuba munsi ya 3, bigomba guhitamo neza uhereye kumurongo wa bolts mugice kimwe kuri bariyeri.

Inkoni ya Anchor nuburyo bwa sisitemu yimiterere yubutare nubutaka.

Binyuze mubikorwa birebire bya bolt, ibura ryuko ubushobozi bwurutare rwubutaka nubutaka biri munsi yubushobozi bwo kwikuramo bishobora kuneshwa.

Ku buso, bugabanya gutandukanya ubutare nubutaka bwumwimerere.

Makroscopically, byongera ubufatanye bwurutare nubutaka.

Duhereye ku buryo bwa mehaniki, ni ukunoza guhuza C hamwe no guterana imbere Imbere φ ya misa ikikije.

Mubusanzwe, bolt iherereye mu rutare nubutaka bwubutaka kandi ikora urwego rushya.Bolt muriki kigo ikemura ikibazo cyubushobozi buke buke bwikibuye.Rero, ubushobozi bwo gutwara misa ubwayo burashimangirwa cyane.

Bolt nigice cyibanze cyinkunga yumuhanda mubucukuzi bwubutaka bwa none, buhuza urutare ruzengurutse umuhanda kandi rugakora urutare ruzengurutse ubwarwo.

Inkunga ubwayo ubu bolt ntabwo ikoreshwa mumabuye gusa, ahubwo ikoreshwa no mubuhanga bwubuhanga, gushimangira ibikorwa byimisozi, tunel, DAMS nibindi.